Effect of the addition of malted and unmalted quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa wild) in Ale type beer with barley (Hordeum vulgare) malt

The effect of the addition of malted quinoa (QM) and without malting (QSM) was evaluated in an Ale type beer with malted barley. Formulations containing 35 and 50% of QM and QSM were developed. Quinoa was previously unsapponificated and characterized. Density, alcoholic degree, turbidity, total acidity and pH were determined before and after the fermentation process. Analysis of color (L, a *, b *, Hue and Cr *) and sensorial acceptability were performed. Unsapponification process increased moisture content, reduced fat and ash and slightly decreased carbohydrates, nevertheless, protein and fiber content were not affected. After the fermentation, the beer with QM presented lower density, higher alcohol content and turbidity. No difference was found in total acidity and pH, while the color of beer with QM presented lower values in the analyzed color parameters (except a *). The formulation with the highest overall acceptance was the one with 50% QM. The use of QM for brewing is an alternative for the consuming of this cereal and a novel product for the consumer

Effect of the addition of malted and unmalted quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa wild) in Ale type beer with barley (Hordeum vulgare) malt

The effect of the addition of malted quinoa (QM) and without malting (QSM) was evaluated in an Ale type beer with malted barley. Formulations containing 35 and 50% of QM and QSM were developed. Quinoa was previously unsapponificated and characterized. Density, alcoholic degree, turbidity, total acidity and pH were determined before and after the fermentation process. Analysis of color (L, a *, b *, Hue and Cr *) and sensorial acceptability were performed. Unsapponification process increased moisture content, reduced fat and ash and slightly decreased carbohydrates, nevertheless, protein and fiber content were not affected. After the fermentation, the beer with QM presented lower density, higher alcohol content and turbidity. No difference was found in total acidity and pH, while the color of beer with QM presented lower values in the analyzed color parameters (except a *). The formulation with the highest overall acceptance was the one with 50% QM. The use of QM for brewing is an alternative for the consuming of this cereal and a novel product for the consumer

Fortalecimiento de habilidades matemáticas de cálculo y resolución de problemas mediante la aplicación de estrategias didácticas que contribuyan a mejorar el análisis, contextualización y comprensión de situaciones matemáticas en entornos reales

El fortalecimiento de habilidades matemáticas de cálculo y resolución de problemas ha sido objeto de estudio en diferentes disciplinas y ámbitos académicos, de acuerdo con Vasco (1976) a partir de los conocimientos el estudiante puede fortalecer sus habilidades. Se diseñó e implementó un ambiente virtual de aprendizaje (AVA) con la aplicación de estrategias didácticas que contribuyan a mejorar el análisis, contextualización y comprensión de situaciones matemáticas en entornos reales, la intervención se realizó con 12 estudiantes del curso 504 de la I.E.D. El Porvenir. Se observa en la aplicación del AVA que los estudiantes son receptivos y entusiastas al desarrollar las actividades propuestas, además sugieren nuevas actividades para el AVA, se concluye que el uso de estas herramientas los motiva al uso y manejo de las TIC, para su proceso de aprendizaje

Energy-dense diets increase FGF23, lead to phosphorus retention and promote vascular calcifications in rats

Rats with normal renal function (Experiment 1, n = 12) and uninephrectomized (1/2Nx) rats (Experiment 2, n = 12) were fed diets with normal P (NP) and either normal (NF) or high fat (HF). Rats with intact renal function (Experiment 3, n = 12) were also fed NF or HF diets with high P (HP). Additionally, uremic (5/6Nx) rats (n = 16) were fed HP diets with NF or HF. Feeding the HF diets resulted in significant elevation of plasma FGF23 vs rats fed NF diets: Experiment 1, 593 ± 126 vs 157 ± 28 pg/ ml (p < 0.01); Experiment 2, 538 ± 105 vs 250 ± 18 pg/ml (p < 0.05); Experiment 3, 971 ± 118 vs 534 ± 40 pg/ml (p < 0.01). Rats fed HF diets showed P retention and decreased renal klotho (ratio klotho/actin) vs rats fed NF diets: Experiment 1, 0.75 ± 0.06 vs 0.97 ± 0.02 (p < 0.01); Experiment 2, 0.69 ± 0.07 vs 1.12 ± 0.08 (p < 0.01); Experiment 3, 0.57 ± 0.19 vs 1.16 ± 0.15 (p < 0.05). Uremic rats fed HF diet showed more severe vascular calcification (VC) than rats fed NF diet (aortic Ca = 6.3 ± 1.4 vs 1.4 ± 0.1 mg/g tissue, p < 0.001). In conclusion, energy-rich diets increased plasma levels of FGF23, a known risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Even though FGF23 has major phosphaturic actions, feeding HF diets resulted in P retention, likely secondary to decreased renal klotho, and aggravated uremic V

Procaine Inhibits Osteo/Odontogenesis through Wnt/β-Catenin Inactivation

Introduction Periodontitis is a complex pathology characterized by the loss of alveolar bone. The causes and the mechanisms that promote this bone resorption still remain unknown. The knowledge of the critical regulators involved in the alteration of alveolar bone homeostasis is of great importance for developing molecular therapies. Procaine is an anesthetic drug with demethylant properties, mainly used by dentists in oral surgeries. The inhibitor role of Wnt signaling of procaine was described in vitro in colon cancer cells. Methods In this work we evaluated the role of procaine (1 uM) in osteo/odontogenesis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Similarly, the mechanisms whereby procaine achieves these effects were also studied. Results Procaine administration led to a drastic decrease of calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red staining and an increase in the expression of Matrix Gla Protein. With respect to osteo/odontogenic markers, procaine decreased early and mature osteo/odontogenic markers. In parallel, procaine inhibited canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, observing a loss of nuclear β-catenin, a decrease in Lrp5 and Frizzled 3, a significant increase of sclerostin and Gsk3β and an increase of phosphorylated β-catenin. The combination of osteo/ odontogenic stimuli and Lithium Chloride decreased mRNA expression of Gsk3β, recovered by Procaine. Furthermore it was proved that Procaine alone dose dependently increases the expression of Gsk3β and β-catenin phosphorylation. These effects of procaine were also observed on mature osteoblast. Interestingly, at this concentration of procaine no demethylant effects were observed. PLO

A review of the literature on the use of probiotics to treat irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease

Introducción: el síndrome de intestino irritable (SII) y la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII), son motivos de consulta frecuente. Usualmente su tratamiento se hace en primer nivel de atención, con ajuste de estilo de vida y cambios dietéticos. Los tratamientos farmacológicos tienen eficacia limitada e importantes efectos secundarios, por lo que existe un interés creciente en terapias diferentes, como el uso de probióticos. Métodos: se realizó una revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos Medline y Embase buscando estudios que asociaran suplementos nutricionales con SII o EII, haciendo énfasis en probióticos. Resultados: de un total de 1598 referencias, 43 cumplieron criterios finales de inclusión. El uso de probióticos en SII y EII sugiere ser una terapia que ayuda a mantener los períodos de remisión de la enfermedad, mejorar la calidad de vida y atenuar el proceso fisiopatológico. Conclusiones: el uso de probióticos y prebióticos podría ser una alternativa de soporte nutricional en pacientes seleccionados.Q4Revisión de tema141-149Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are frequent reasons for medical consultation. Usually they are treated at the first level of attention with adjustment of lifestyle and dietary changes. Pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy and significant side effects, so there is growing interest in other therapies such as the use of probiotics. Methods: This is literature review of studies associating nutritional supplements with IBS or IBD that have an emphasis on probiotics and which found in the Medline and Embase databases. Results: Of a total of 1,598 references, 43 met the final inclusion criteria. The use of probiotics in IBS and IBD suggests a therapy that helps maintain periods of disease remission, improvement of quality of life and attenuation of the pathophysiological process. Conclusions: The use of probiotics and prebiotics could be alternative nutritional support for selected patients

In vascular smooth muscle cells paricalcitol prevents phosphate-induced Wnt/β-catenin activation

The present study investigates the differential effect of two vitamin D receptor agonists, calcitriol and paricalcitol, on human aortic smooth muscle cells calcification in vitro. Human vascular smooth muscle cells were incubated in a high phosphate (HP) medium alone or supplemented with either calcitriol 10−8M (HP + CTR) or paricalcitol 3·10−8 M (HP + PC). HP medium induced calcification, which was associated with the upregulation of mRNA expression of osteogenic factors such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), Runx2/Cbfa1, Msx2, and osteocalcin. In these cells, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was evidenced by the translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus and the increase in the expression of direct target genes as cyclin D1, axin 2, and VCAN/versican. Addition of calcitriol to HP medium (HP + CTR) further increased calcification and also enhanced the expression of osteogenic factors together with a significant elevation of nuclear β-catenin levels and the expression of cyclin D1, axin 2, and VCAN. By contrast, the addition of paricalcitol (HP + PC) not only reduced calcification but also downregulated the expression of BMP2 and other osteoblastic phenotype markers as well as the levels of nuclear β-catenin and the expression of its target genes. The role of Wnt/β-catenin on phosphate- and calcitriol-induced calcification was further demonstrated by the inhibition of calcification after addition of Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1), a specific natural antagonist of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In conclusion, the differential effect of calcitriol and paricalcitol on vascular calcification appears to be mediated by a distinct regulation of the BMP and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways

Dietary Mg Supplementation Decreases Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Vascular Dysfunction in an Experimental Model of Metabolic Syndrome with Renal Failure

whether a dietary Mg supplementation might attenuate vascular dysfunction through the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation in concurrent MetS and CKD. Methods: A rat model of MetS (Zucker strain) with CKD (5/6 nephrectomy, Nx) was used. Nephrectomized animals were fed a normal 0.1%Mg (MetS+Nx+Mg0.1%) or a supplemented 0.6%Mg (MetS+Nx+Mg0.6%) diet; Sham-operated rats with MetS receiving 0.1%Mg were used as controls. Results: As compared to controls, the MetS+Nx-Mg0.1% group showed a significant increase in oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers (lipid peroxidation and aortic interleukin-1b and -6 expression) and Endothelin-1 levels, a decrease in nitric oxide and a worsening in uremia and MetS associated pathology as hypertension, and abnormal glucose and lipid profile. Moreover, proteomic evaluation revealed changes mainly related to lipid metabolism and CVD markers. By contrast, in the MetS+Nx+Mg0.6% group, these parameters remained largely similar to controls. Conclusion: In concurrent MetS and CKD, dietary Mg supplementation reduced inflammation and oxidative stress and improved vascular function

One-year outcome following biological or mechanical valve replacement for infective endocarditis

Background: Nearly half of patients require cardiac surgery during the acute phase of infective endocarditis (IE). We describe the characteristics of patients according to the type of valve replacement (mechanical or biological), and examine whether the type of prosthesis was associated with in-hospital and 1-year mortality. Methods and results: Among 5591 patients included in the International Collaboration on Endocarditis Prospective Cohort Study, 1467 patients with definite IE were operated on during the active phase and had a biological (37%) or mechanical (63%) valve replacement. Patients who received bioprostheses were older (62 vs 54 years), more often had a history of cancer (9% vs 6%), and had moderate or severe renal disease (9% vs 4%); proportion of health care-associated IE was higher (26% vs 17%); intracardiac abscesses were more frequent (30% vs 23%). In-hospital and 1-year death rates were higher in the bioprosthesis group, 20.5% vs 14.0% (p = 0.0009) and 25.3% vs 16.6% (p < .0001), respectively. In multivariable analysis, mechanical prostheses were less commonly implanted in older patients (odds ratio: 0.64 for every 10 years), and in patients with a history of cancer (0.72), but were more commonly implanted in mitral position (1.60). Bioprosthesis was independently associated with 1-year mortality (hazard ratio: 1.298). Conclusions: Patients with IE who receive a biological valve replacement have significant differences in clinical characteristics compared to patients who receive a mechanical prosthesis. Biological valve replacement is independently associated with a higher in-hospital and 1-year mortality, a result which is possibly related to patient characteristics rather than valve dysfunction

Strengtheningtheunderstanding and production of texts, use of research as a pedagogicalstrategy, withsupport in information and communicationtechnologies

Este artículo presenta resultados derivados de la investigación acerca del desarrollo de la comprensión lectora y la producción escrita, comocompetencias necesarias en la formación integral de los estudiantes, no sólo del área del lenguaje, sino en todo su quehacer comunicativo e intelectual, en favor de un aprendizaje significativo. El propósito es generar procesos para fortalecer una práctica pedagógica que promuevael desarrollo de aprendizajes basados en la investigación como estrategia pedagógica y la incorporación de los avances de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Se desarrolló la investigación con estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Departamental Agropecuaria Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes, ubicada en Magdalena, Pivijay, Colombia. Se generaron orientaciones para la integración curricular de la investigación y las tecnologías de información y comunicación, para orientar innovaciones necesarias para redefinir las estrategias que adoptan los docentes en su quehacer pedagógicoThisarticlepresentsresultsderivedfromresearchonthedevelopment of readingcomprehension and writtenproduction, as necessarycompetences in the integral formation of students, notonly in thearea of language, but in alltheircommunicative and intellectualwork, in favor of a significantlearningThepurposeistogenerateprocessestostrengthen a pedagogicalpracticethatpromotesthedevelopment of learningbasedonresearch as a pedagogicalstrategy and theincorporation of advances in information and communicationtechnologies.TheresearchwasdevelopedwithstudentsfromtheAgriculturalDepartmentalInstitution of Our Lady of Mercy, located in Magdalena, Pivijay, Colombia. Guidelinesforthe curricular integration of research and information and communicationtechnologiesweregeneratedto guide innovationsnecessaryto redefine thestrategiesadoptedbyteachers in theirpedagogicalwor